Chapter Six – Black Self-Determination and Self-Defense
![Black-and-white photograph of Malcolm X turned 45 degrees laughing at something out of sight. He is wearing a suit and in front of a microphone.](http://openbooks.library.umass.edu/radicalsocialtheory/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/11/653px-Malcolm_X_NYWTS_2a-218x300.jpg)
“Concerning nonviolence, it is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks.”
Malcolm X
Media Attributions
- Malcolm X in March 1964 © Ed Ford, World Telegram staff photographer is licensed under a Public Domain license